The Enduring Legacy of the Philippine Flag

The Enduring Legacy of the Philippine Flag

By Bing Jabadan – TheNationweek.com 
June 12, 2025

CAVITE, Philippines – On the sweltering heat of June 12, 1898, a symbol of hope and liberation was hoisted against the cerulean sky. 

In Kawit, General Emilio Aguinaldo, leader of the Philippine Republic, raised the Philippine flag, declaring independence from three centuries of Spanish colonial rule. 

The act, a significant moment in Philippine history, ignited a fervent movement for freedom that continues to resonate to this day.

More than just a piece of cloth, the Philippine flag is a visual narrative of the nation’s arduous journey to self-determination. 

Its debut, though unofficial, occurred weeks before the Battle of Alapan on May 28, a testament to the Revolutionary Army’s increasing strength. 

But it was the formal proclamation of independence in Kawit that enshrined the flag as the enduring emblem of Filipino sovereignty.

Indeed, the creation of this potent symbol is a story of collaboration and dedication.

In Hong Kong, three remarkable women – Marcela Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Delfina Herbosa de Natividad (niece of national hero Dr. Jose Rizal) – meticulously sewed the flag at Aguinaldo’s behest. 

Their skilled hands transformed a vision of freedom into a tangible reality.

While often associated with the 1898 declaration, the roots of Filipino national symbolism extend further back.

Andres Bonifacio, a key figure in the revolution, adopted a war banner in 1892: a rectangular red cloth emblazoned with three white “Ks” arranged in a triangular formation. 

This early emblem foreshadowed the unified identity of the Filipinos.

Marcela Mariño de Agoncillo (1859-1946), forever immortalized as “The Mother of the Philippine Flag,” remains a central figure in the flag’s history. 

Her dedication to crafting the official symbol of the nation cemented her place as a patriot and symbol of Filipino resilience.

‘Las Islas Filipinas’

The very name “Philippines,” derived from “Las Islas Filipinas” (The Philippine Islands), echoes the colonial past.

Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos bestowed the name “Felipinas” upon Leyte and Samar in 1542, honoring Prince Philip of Asturias, later King Philip II of Spain. 

This historical naming convention highlighted the social stratification of the colonial era: Spaniards born in Spain were known as “Peninsulares,” while those born in the Philippines were called “Insulares.”

Beyond its historical significance, the Philippine flag is a carefully constructed tapestry of symbolism:

White Triangle: 

Represents liberty, equality, and fraternity, reflecting the revolutionary ideals that fueled the fight for independence.

Blue Stripe: 

Symbolizes peace, truth, and justice, embodying the aspirations for a fair and harmonious society.

Red Stripe: 

Embodies patriotism and valor, honoring the bravery and sacrifices of Filipino heroes throughout history.

Eight Rays of the Sun: 

Represent the eight provinces — Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Manila, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, and Tarlac — where the first uprising against Spanish colonialism began, signifying their pivotal role in the revolution.

Three Stars: 

Symbolize the three main islands of the Philippines — Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao — representing the unity of the archipelago.

The Philippine flag is more than just a national symbol. It is a powerful embodiment of the nation’s spirit.

Each element tells a story of struggle, hope, and enduring resilience. 

As the flag waves proudly across the Philippines and around the world, it serves as a constant reminder of the sacrifices made by our early heroes toward freedom and a brighter future.

It is a symbol that continues to inspire generations of Filipinos, reminding them of their shared history and collective aspirations.